基于高光谱遥感的渤海海冰厚度半经验模型   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

袁帅  顾卫  刘成玉  谢锋 《海洋学报(英文版)》2017,36(1):80-89

Sea ice thickness is one of the most important input parameters for the prevention and mitigation of sea ice disasters and the prediction of local sea environments and climates. Estimating the sea ice thickness is currently the most important issue in the study of sea ice remote sensing. With the Bohai Sea as the study area, a semiempirical model of the sea ice thickness(SEMSIT) that can be used to estimate the thickness of first-year ice based on existing water depth estimation models and hyperspectral remote sensing data according to an optical radiative transfer process in sea ice is proposed. In the model, the absorption and scattering properties of sea ice in different bands(spectral dimension information) are utilized. An integrated attenuation coefficient at the pixel level is estimated using the height of the reflectance peak at 1 088 nm. In addition, the surface reflectance of sea ice at the pixel level is estimated using the 1 550–1 750 nm band reflectance. The model is used to estimate the sea ice thickness with Hyperion images. The first validation results suggest that the proposed model and parameterization scheme can effectively reduce the estimation error associated with the sea ice thickness that is caused by temporal and spatial heterogeneities in the integrated attenuation coefficient and sea ice surface. A practical semi-empirical model and parameterization scheme that may be feasible for the sea ice thickness estimation using hyperspectral remote sensing data are potentially provided.  相似文献   

海底浮岩前处理方法的实验研究     

张玉祥  曾志刚  殷学博  齐海燕  李禾  王晓媛  陈帅 《海洋科学》2017,41(7):64-70

为了解海底浮岩气孔充填物对全岩微量元素组成的影响,并获得有效的海底浮岩前处理方法,对冲绳海槽中部的浮岩碎成大于5 cm,1~2 cm及小于5 mm的碎块分别进行前处理,然后通过扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射光谱(XRD)分析对清洗的效果进行观察对比。结果表明,对大块浮岩直接清洗以及将浮岩碎成厘米级小块后清洗都难以将浮岩气孔内充填的细粒沉积物去除干净,而对浮岩碎成毫米级(5 mm)颗粒后再清洗可以有效清除浮岩气孔内的充填物。本文所确定的一套有效的海底浮岩前处理方法总结如下:(1)将小于5 mm的浮岩颗粒置于超声波清洗机内用蒸馏水清洗,每隔15 min换一次水,直到清洗样品后的水足够清澈;(2)将样品先后浸入无水乙醇和稀盐酸溶液中,分别去除有机质和次生碳酸盐、铁氧化物;(3)将浮岩样品置于40℃超纯水中浸泡7 d左右,并每天换水,直至向上层清液加硝酸银溶液无白色沉淀出现。XRD分析表明,海底浮岩气孔中充填物的矿物组成包括斜长石、石英等。少量的气孔充填物对浮岩全岩的微量元素配分模式影响不大,但会造成Pb、Sr等元素含量的增加,因此可能会对浮岩全岩的Pb-Sr同位素组成造成干扰。  相似文献   

基于模板匹配和不变矩的浮游动物快速测量方法          下载免费PDF全文

徐帅  杨俊毅  郑旻辉  谢尚微 《海洋学研究》2017,35(4):69-75

近年来基于图像处理方法的浮游动物分类技术逐渐用于海洋生态系统的研究中,相关检测仪器也从实验室处理向原位现场分析发展,这对检测算法的效率和处理速度提出了更高要求。本文根据海洋浮游动物显微图像的形状特点,提出将模板匹配方法与不变中心矩描述方法相结合,先利用模板匹配限定目标初步范围,再比较不变矩确定最终目标动物,并统计动物数量和尺寸。本文方法不受动物方位旋转和尺寸缩放的影响。实验验证结果表明,该方法与传统识别方法相比简单高效,处理速度快,误差范围小,适用于浮游动物的实时原位观测。  相似文献   

Analytical and experimental studies on installation of a suction caisson with tampered tip in clay     

Shuwang Yan  Jingjing Zhang  Jian Chu  Zhiliang Huo 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2017,35(3):435-440

Concrete suction caissons have been successfully used as breakwaters or seawalls in recent years. The relative large wall thickness-to-diameter ratio of a concrete caisson can lead to the formation of a full soil heave plug that may cause difficulties in the installation of concrete caisson in clay. One way to overcome this limitation is to use a tampered tip for the caisson wall. An analytical method is proposed in this article to calculate the minimum suction pressure required to penetrate a caisson and the maximum allowable suction pressure that can be applied to avoid too much soil heave plug during the installation of the suction caisson. Four model tests were conducted in normally consolidated clay to study the installation process of a concrete suction caisson with tampered tip and to verify the proposed analytical method. The height of the soil heave plug in the caisson with a tampered tip is observed to be about half of that in the caisson with a flat tip.  相似文献   

高弯度曲流河砂体规模定量表征研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王海峰  范廷恩  宋来明  胡光义  梁旭  王帅  刘向南 《沉积学报》2017,35(2):279-289

曲流河砂体储层是重要的陆相碎屑岩储层类型,采用“将今论古”的思路,以一系列现代高弯度曲流河的基础数据分级构建定量知识库,实现对地下砂体规模的定量表征。从曲流河成因和形态方面对定量表征开展可行性分析,在相对平坦的地形条件下,当河流通过增加河道弯度和加长流路来减小河道坡降比以趋于输沙平衡且做功最少,同时堤岸主要由细粒物质组成时,河型向曲流河转化,河道平面几何形态呈正弦派生曲线,在演化过程中河道形态和砂体规模保持良好的规律性;结合储层构型理论的分级表征思路,基于砂体规模的不确定性,通过现代沉积数据选取恰当的置信水平,分级构建多组经验公式,形成高弯度曲流河定量知识库;压实减孔量是沉积物埋藏后体积减小的主要因素,通过去压实校正,建立现代沉积与地下砂体的定量联系,对地下曲流河砂体规模进行原始沉积状态下的定量表征。经实际资料验证,结果客观准确。  相似文献   

徐家围子断陷营城组火山岩裂缝与天然气成藏   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

巩磊  高帅  吴佳朋  付晓飞  陈树民  高昂  姚嘉琪 《大地构造与成矿学》2017,41(2):283-290

徐家围子断陷营城组火山岩储层虽然发育大量气孔和原生裂缝,但是其连通性差,构造裂缝的发育程度决定了储层的优劣和成藏概率。为了阐明裂缝与天然气成藏之间的关系,首先,利用岩心、成像测井以及实验分析等资料对徐家围子断陷营城组火山岩储层裂缝的成因类型与特征、控制因素、分布规律及形成期次进行了研究,然后结合研究区烃源岩演化、气源断裂活动期次以及盖层封闭能力演化,讨论了构造裂缝与天然气成藏的关系。研究结果显示,徐家围子断陷营城组火山岩发育原生裂缝和次生裂缝,以次生构造裂缝为主。在平面上构造裂缝受断裂、岩性和岩相控制,在纵向上受不整合面控制,具有旋回性分布的特点。构造裂缝主要分三期形成,其中第二期形成时期(泉头组沉积末期-青山口组沉积时期)与烃源岩生烃高峰期相吻合,并且气源断裂处于活动期,盖层也具有很好的封气能力,为研究区主要成藏期。  相似文献   

岩溶地区休闲农业旅游对土壤环境的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

王帅  邓佳  邓富玲  骆云中  谢德体  莫莲  杨思思  杨娟 《中国岩溶》2017,36(3):377-386

为了探明在川东岩溶地区蓬勃兴起的休闲农业旅游活动对土壤生态环境的影响,以重庆市铜梁区黄桷门奇彩梦园（黄门现代农业园区）（下称“奇彩梦园”）和北碚区金果园（休闲观光果园）（下称“金果园”）游步道两侧的土壤样区为研究对象,通过现场调查、采样和实验室分析,研究了土壤各生态指标受影响的距离、受冲击规律及重金属潜在风险。结果表明:受农业游憩影响,两园区土壤含水量、土壤有机质、土壤全氮及碱解氮随着离游径的距离变小呈递减的趋势,土壤容重呈递增的趋势,而土壤pH值仅在奇彩梦园表现出随离游径的距离变小呈递增趋势,各指标受影响的范围主要集中在4 m内;运用践踏指数分析得出两园区处于轻度践踏状态,土壤腐殖质层和草本并没有完全破坏,土壤生态环境在自然状态下可以得到一定恢复。通过对两园区土壤重金属的评价,发现各样区土壤环境处于清洁或尚清洁状态,Cd和Pb在部分样区内含量达到安全警戒状态（污染指数＞0.7）,需采取措施重点防控。   相似文献   

Heat tracing to determine spatial patterns of hyporheic exchange across a river transect     

Chengpeng Lu  Shuai Chen  Ying Zhang  Xiaoru Su  Guohao Chen 《Hydrogeology Journal》2017,25(6):1633-1646

Significant spatial variability of water fluxes may exist at the water-sediment interface in river channels and has great influence on a variety of water issues. Understanding the complicated flow systems controlling the flux exchanges along an entire river is often limited due to averaging of parameters or the small number of discrete point measurements usually used. This study investigated the spatial pattern of the hyporheic flux exchange across a river transect in China, using the heat tracing approach. This was done with measurements of temperature at high spatial resolution during a 64-h monitoring period and using the data to identify the spatial pattern of the hyporheic exchange flux with the aid of a one-dimensional conduction-advection-dispersion model (VFLUX). The threshold of neutral exchange was considered as 126 L m^?2 d^?1 in this study and the heat tracing results showed that the change patterns of vertical hyporheic flux varied with buried depth along the river transect; however, the hyporheic flux was not simply controlled by the streambed hydraulic conductivity and water depth in the river transect. Also, lateral flow dominated the hyporheic process within the shallow high-permeability streambed, while the vertical flow was dominant in the deep low-permeability streambed. The spatial pattern of hyporheic exchange across the river transect was naturally controlled by the heterogeneity of the streambed and the bedform of the stream cross-section. Consequently, a two-dimensional conceptual illustration of the hyporheic process across the river transect is proposed, which could be applicable to river transects of similar conditions.  相似文献   

辽河群变质序列再讨论     

翟富荣  梁帅  郭洪方 《地质与资源》2017,26(1):1-4

辽河群的原岩以泥质和泥砂质岩石为主,其经历了绿片岩相至角闪岩相变质作用,产生了丰富的变质矿物（矿物组合）.不同变质级别的矿物组合,是各自在变质作用峰期生成的,它们是空间上的并列关系,绝非时间上的先后关系,不能依此划分变质阶段和幕次,更不能用它们来做P-T-t轨迹.同一矿物组合内,通过滑动反应和综合反应,矿物之间达到一定温压条件下的平衡共生关系,各种矿物变质程度是相同的,形成时间是同时的或交错的.有的研究者认为,变质矿物形成序列为Chl→Bt→Gt→Stau→And（Ky）→Sill（Cord）,这种观点是值得商榷的.  相似文献   

西藏羌塘盆地鸭湖地区天然气水合物成藏条件   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王平康  祝有海  张帅  付修根  吴纪修  李宽  王大勇  姚大为  肖睿  张旭辉  罗大双  范瑞宝  李国江 《地质通报》2017,36(4):601-615

近年来中国陆域冻土区天然气水合物调查研究结果表明,气源条件是制约羌塘盆地天然气水合物找矿突破的关键因素。为明确鸭湖地区天然气水合物成藏潜力,基于近年来的钻探调查成果,从陆域冻土区天然气水合物成藏系统理论出发,系统分析了影响天然气水合物成藏的冻土、气源、储集、构造等地质因素。分析结果显示,鸭湖地区局部具有较好的冻土、地温、气源、储集、构造及水源条件,具备一定的天然气水合物成藏潜力,继续寻找充足的烃类气源是下一步天然气水合物调查的主要方向。同时,选取钻探调查获取的地温梯度、气体组分等参数,结合音频大地电磁测深(AMT)冻土厚度调查成果,对鸭湖地区天然气水合物稳定带的厚度和底界深度进行了预测。结果显示,当甲烷为85%、乙烷为9%、丙烷为6%时,天然气水合物稳定带厚度与冻土厚度分布变化基本一致,稳定带厚度400~630m,底界深度400~680m。当甲烷为98%、乙烷为2%时,天然气水合物稳定带厚度急剧减薄,大部分地区仅有0~30m,最厚仅有150m,局部地区稳定带底界最深仅为240m。结合气测录井结果,认为渐新世唢呐湖组比上三叠统土门格拉组更具备天然气水合物成藏潜力,土门格拉组自身具备较强的生排烃能力,可作为寻找常规油气或页岩气的一个重要层位。  相似文献